Understanding the red eye infection that has hit Dar

The bustling city of Dar es Salaam, known for its vibrant streets and lively atmosphere, is currently witnessing a sudden surge in cases of a peculiar eye condition known as red eye.

This seasonal eye illness, also referred to as conjunctivitis, imposes discomfort, swelling, and irritation on afflicted individuals.

Mwanaisha Hamisi, 26, a resident of Sinza and one of the infected persons in Dar es salaam, reveals: “The red eye illness has wreaked havoc on my vision, making it extremely challenging to see clearly. This constant feeling of discomfort, as if there's sand stuck in my eyes, has disrupted my daily life and impeded my ability to carry out even the simplest tasks for five straight days.

“The itchiness and burning sensation have become an inseparable part of my existence, causing immense frustration and distress,” she shares.

Beyond the physical pain, she says the social implications of this illness have been equally challenging.

“Having this red eye infection, a highly contagious condition has led to isolation and stigma from others. People look at me with fear and suspicion, as if I am a walking hazard.

“This has created a sense of loneliness and helplessness as friends and family are reluctant to interact with me, fearing they might contract the illness themselves. It feels like I'm living in a parallel world, cut off from the support and affection that is integral to human existence,” she explains.

She reveals that she sought medical attention promptly, visiting skilled healthcare professionals to diagnose her condition accurately to receive appropriate treatment.

“Following their guidance diligently, I am adhering to the prescribed medications and eye drops, hopeful that they will ease the symptoms and eventually cure the illness.

On her part, Mariam Hassan, 28, from Kinondoni, Dar es Salaam says six days ago her eyes began to itch incessantly while she was at work.

As a teacher at a local primary school in Kinondoni, she initially dismissed it as a minor irritation, blaming the dusty classroom environment.

However, the irritation grew worse, accompanied by a subtle pinkish tinge in her eyes that soon escalated to an intense, burning red hue.

Mariam's vision blurred, leaving her unable to grade papers or attend to her students effectively.

Desperate for relief, Mariam sought relief in traditional remedies, utilising soothing cucumber slices and herbal eye drops. But as the days went by, the burning sensation only intensified.

“That’s when I was told by a doctor from Muhimbili National Hospital that it is the seasonal red eye illness, after which  the doctor explained to me that it would disappear after three days to two weeks,” she reveals.

On the other hand, Justine Burugu, a resident of Kimara, Dar es Salaam, and chef reveals that he faced extraordinary challenges when the red eye illness struck him unexpectedly.

Cooking, his true passion, turned into an arduous task as his vision blurred, and his eyes became increasingly inflamed.

“I wish to regain my independence and provide for my family this illness has been tormenting me for the whole week now, it makes me sad,” he reveals.

Understanding the red eye illness

Dr Anna Sanyiwa, a renowned consultant ophthalmologist at Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS), sheds light on the nature of red eyes.

Conjunctivitis refers to inflammation of the conjunctiva, the thin membrane covering the white part of the eye and lining the inner eyelids.

“The condition can occur due to various factors, including bacterial or viral infections, allergens, and other irritants,” she reveals.

Dr Sanyiwa explains that viral conjunctivitis is the most common cause of red eyes and is highly contagious.

“It can be triggered by the same viruses that cause the common cold and spreads through direct contact with infected individuals or contaminated surfaces."

Bacterial conjunctivitis, on the other hand, is caused by bacteria and frequently accompanies a respiratory infection. Allergic conjunctivitis occurs when the eyes react to allergens such as pollen, dust mites, or pet dander.

Dr Sanyiwa clarifies the key signs and symptoms of red eyes saying affected individuals commonly experience eye redness, itching, and scratchiness in the eyes.

Additionally, they may encounter a watery or sticky discharge, along with a feeling of grittiness within the eyes. Sensitivity to light, swollen eyelids, and blurred vision are also common manifestations of red eye infections.

“It is essential to consult a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment,” she advices.

While conjunctivitis often resolves without treatment, Dr Sanyiwa emphasises that in certain cases, medical intervention becomes crucial.

“Viral conjunctivitis requires symptom management and proper hygiene practices to prevent further spread.

“Antibiotic eye drops or ointments are prescribed for bacterial conjunctivitis, and affected individuals should strictly adhere to the prescribed treatment regimen,” she explains.

To mitigate red eye infections, Dr Sanyiwa highlights the significance of adopting preventive measures.

Frequent handwashing, refraining from touching the eyes unnecessarily, avoiding sharing personal items, and regularly disinfecting surfaces are key precautions to minimise the risk of transmission.

“Individuals experiencing red eye symptoms should refrain from using contact lenses and cosmetics until their condition improves,” she shares.

On guidance to caring for red eye infections at home, Dr Sanyiwa says: “Infected individuals should use clean, warm compresses to alleviate swelling and discomfort.

She says regularly cleaning the eye area with a gentle saline solution aids in removing discharge and speeding up the healing process.

“Ensuring proper hydration, resting the eyes, and avoiding exposure to irritants like smoke or wind are vital considerations for home care,” she says.

Dr Sanyiwa, drawing on her expertise, speculates on the sudden surge of red eye infections in Dar es Salaam during this particular period.

She suggests that various factors may contribute to this trend, including environmental changes, increased exposure to allergens due to seasonal shifts, and a higher likelihood of transmission in crowded areas.

However, a manager of the national eye care program under the Ministry of Health, Dr Bernadetha Shilio says the Ministry of Health, in collaboration with relevant stakeholders, has been closely monitoring the situation and has initiated immediate measures to address the spread of this eye illness.

“We understand the concerns and anxieties that may arise from such outbreaks, and we assure the public that we prioritise their health and safety,” she says.

She continues: “First and foremost, we want to stress that red eye is a common condition that can occur throughout the year but tends to peak during certain seasons.

She went on to say in most cases, it is caused by viral or bacterial infections and tends to be highly contagious.

“While the symptoms can be discomforting, it is essential to note that red eye is generally self-limiting and rarely leads to severe complications if treated promptly,” she notes.

According to her, to effectively manage this seasonal eye illness in Dar es Salaam, the ministry has taken proactive measures, including but not limited to, surveillance and reporting, public awareness campaigns, and enhanced hygiene practices among others.

“The Ministry of Health emphasises the importance of early detection, timely treatment, and adherence to preventive measures to minimise the spread of red eye infections.

She adds: “We urge all citizens to remain calm and cooperate with healthcare providers and public health authorities during this period.

She continues: “Let us remember, the power to overcome this seasonal eye illness lies in our collective effort, responsible behaviour, and adherence to the guidance provided by healthcare professionals.