Who loses the most in US-Russia sanctions fight: Q&A

What you need to know:

Those unhappy with the round of penalties enacted in Washington include not only Russian President Vladimir Putin and Russian legislators but the European Union and even US President Donald Trump, who nonetheless signed the sanctions into law.

It could suffer collateral damage. The sanctions ban improvements, including repair, of Russian-owned pipelines into Europe. That provision could curb investment in the European- and Russian-financed project Nord Stream 2, a pipeline that would let Gazprom divert fuel flowing to the EU via Ukraine into a less controversial route under the Baltic Sea, to Germany. The US has always been opposed to Nord Stream 2, which it views as Russia’s attempt to solidify its hold on Europe’s energy supply. At least four other European energy projects could be undermined by the sanctions, according to a list compiled by the European Commission and seen by Bloomberg News. They are Nord Stream 1; the Blue Stream gas pipeline from Russia to Turkey involving Eni SpA; the Caspian Pipeline Consortium to carry Kazakh oil to the Black Sea via Russia; and a prospective Baltic liquefied natural-gas plant.

Who loses the most in US-Russia sanctions fight: Q&A

What you need to know:

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